Area of origin: Europe, western Asia, North Africa.
Adult Dimensions: Height up to 4 m (13'), width up to 3 m (9,8').
Foliage: Deciduous.
Soil Type: All except too wet.
Hardiness: Very hardy to -40°C, tolerant to pollution.
Exposure: Semi-shade to full sun.
Properties and uses:
White flowers in May and June. The fruits are at first red and then become black when mature, they appear from July to September and are loved by birds. The foliage becomes red in autumn. This shrub has a rounded shape and is integral to many country hedges. It is also one of the main grafting stock.